It's hard out there for an animal. Sometimes all the muscle and razor-sharp edges in the world aren't enough to put food in your belly, or avoid becoming lunch yourself. Sometimes you need venom. Chemical weaponry is commonplace in the animal kingdom, turning everything from shrews to spiders to snakes into efficient killers. But prey have evolved their own defenses, and relish turning the tables on venomous stalkers.

A scorpion-inspired pesticide could kill specific insects without harming people, the environment or beneficial animals.

Parasitic wasps don't kill their victims. The venom they inject when they sting turns an unlucky bug into a warped, debilitated, but still-living host for baby wasps. These novel toxins could be the foundation for life-saving drugs.

A cobra venom ointment to treat arthritis could soon hit store shelves.

For every poisonous creature, there is a nemesis: the immune. From clownfish to king snakes, and bullfrogs to badgers, animals have evolved a constellation of different defenses against venom.

Newly discovered venom compounds reveal scorpions' complex chemical arsenal, and may be useful in designing new medicines.
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